Research

Historically, we have treated orthopaedic conditions the same in men and women. But there is increasing evidence that sex and gender play an important role in musculoskeletal injury. Our research focuses on how sex and gender affect outcomes after musculoskeletal injury and outcomes after surgery.

Below are some examples of the research we’ve been doing. While we have made a lot of advancements in sports medicine, we’re just starting to understand sex- and gender-based differences. We can use research to prevent injury and improve outcomes especially in our female athletes. Research provides an opportunity to provide better, more individualized care.

References

• Chi H, Woolley KA, Allahabadi S, Fluet A, Roach C, Ward DT, Wong SE. Sex-based Differences in Patient Perspectives and Experiences With Shoulder, Hip, and Knee Arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2024 Apr 19;8(4):e24.00083. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00083. PMID: 38648447; PMCID: PMC11037734.
• Woolley KA, Chi H, Allahabadi S, Fluet A, Roach C, Ward DT, Wong SE. Sex-Based Differences in the Utilization of Shoulder, Hip, and Knee Arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2023 Aug 7;7(8):e23.00022. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00022. PMID: 37549367; PMCID: PMC10586858.
• Julian KR, Anand M, Sobel AD, Mulcahey MK, Wong SE. A 5-Year Update and Comparison of Factors Related to the Sex Diversity of Orthopaedic Residency Programs in the United States. JB JS Open Access. 2023 Mar 7;8(1):e22.00116. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.22.00116. PMID: 36896147; PMCID: PMC9990829.
• Lavorgna TR, Gupta S, Maginnis C, Saraf SM, Stamm MA, Wong SE, Mulcahey MK. Persistent Lack of Female Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellows. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2023 May 18;5(4):100725. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.02.016. PMID: 37645400; PMCID: PMC10461135.
• Wilson J, Agha O, Wiggins AJ, Diaz A, Jones KJ, Feeley BT, Pandya NK, Wong SE. Gender and Racial Diversity Among the Head Medical and Athletic Training Staff of Women’s Professional Sports Leagues. Orthop J Sports Med. 2023 Feb 20;11(2):23259671221150447. doi: 10.1177/23259671221150447. PMID: 36846816; PMCID: PMC9944185.
• Solarczyk JK, Roberts HJ, Wong SE, Ward DT. Healthcare Disparities in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Incidence Proportions With US Census-Derived Demographics. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2023 Jul 6;7(7):e22.00271. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00271. PMID: 37410658; PMCID: PMC10328594.
• Hung NJ, Wong SE. Gender Influences on Shoulder Arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2022 Feb;15(1):21-26. doi: 10.1007/s12178-021-09737-0. Epub 2022 Jan 4. PMID: 34982405; PMCID: PMC8804121.
• Oeding JF, Alrabaa R, Wong SE, Zhang AL, Feeley B, Ma CB, Lansdown DA. Complications and re-operations after extensor mechanism repair surgery in a large cross-sectional cohort: females and tobacco-users at highest risk for adverse outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023 Feb;31(2):455-463. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07061-9. Epub 2022 Jul 16. Erratum in: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023 Feb;31(2):464. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07114-z. PMID: 35841396.
• Wong SE, Pitcher AA, Ding DY, Cashman N, Zhang AL, Ma CB, Feeley BT. The effect of patient gender on outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017 Nov;26(11):1889-1896. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.07.013. Epub 2017 Sep 11. PMID: 28911814.